Author

Sofia Lindqvist

Energy & Climate Correspondent

Sofia covers energy markets, the geopolitics of the energy transition and climate adaptation policy from Brussels and Stockholm.

Articles: 7
Reads: 30.6K

Research by Sofia Lindqvist

Research

September 2026 · DOI

Critical Minerals and Strategic Autonomy: Mapping Supply-Chain Vulnerabilities in the Energy Transition

This paper examines critical minerals and strategic autonomy. Drawing on original data and 40 expert interviews, we find that existing policy frameworks underestimate systemic risk and overestimate institutional capacity. Officials familiar with the discussions describe a process that has moved faster than many observers expected, driven less by diplomatic breakthroughs than by mounting domestic pressure in several key capitals. The result is a fragile consensus that could unravel if economic conditions deteriorate further. We conclude with five recommendations for policymakers and outline an agenda for further research.

Sofia Lindqvist, Nadia Benali et al. PDF

Research

December 2025 · DOI

Measuring the Economic Cost of Internet Shutdowns: A Cross-Country Panel Study

This paper examines measuring the economic cost of internet shutdowns. Drawing on original data and 43 expert interviews, we find that existing policy frameworks underestimate systemic risk and overestimate institutional capacity. History offers some guidance, though not much comfort. Previous episodes of this kind were resolved only after a combination of sustained external pressure and a shift in domestic incentives — conditions that do not yet appear to be in place. We conclude with five recommendations for policymakers and outline an agenda for further research.

Sofia Lindqvist, Kwame Asante et al. PDF

Research

October 2025 · DOI

AI Governance Frameworks Compared: Convergence and Divergence Across 40 Jurisdictions

This paper examines ai governance frameworks compared. Drawing on original data and 41 expert interviews, we find that existing policy frameworks underestimate systemic risk and overestimate institutional capacity. The economic stakes are considerable. Conservative estimates suggest that disruption on this scale could shave between 0.3 and 0.7 percentage points off regional growth next year, with the heaviest burden falling on import-dependent economies and low-income households. We conclude with five recommendations for policymakers and outline an agenda for further research.

Sofia Lindqvist, Kwame Asante et al. PDF