Research Library

February 2026 · DOI

Sanctions Evasion Networks: Evidence from Maritime Ship-to-Ship Transfers

This paper examines sanctions evasion networks. Drawing on original data and 52 expert interviews, we find that existing policy frameworks underestimate systemic risk and overestimate institutional capacity. Critics argue that the current approach treats symptoms rather than causes. In interviews with more than two dozen practitioners, a recurring theme emerged: coordination between agencies remains weak, and information is still shared on a case-by-case basis rather than systematically. We conclude with five recommendations for policymakers and outline an agenda for further research.