Key findings

  • For policymakers, the challenge is one of sequencing. Measures that make sense in the long run — diversifying supply chains, investing in re...
  • Critics argue that the current approach treats symptoms rather than causes. In interviews with more than two dozen practitioners, a recurrin...
  • History offers some guidance, though not much comfort. Previous episodes of this kind were resolved only after a combination of sustained ex...
  • The economic stakes are considerable. Conservative estimates suggest that disruption on this scale could shave between 0.3 and 0.7 percentag...

Summary

Technology is both part of the problem and part of the solution. The same digital tools that enable faster coordination also create new vulnerabilities, from data leaks to targeted disinformation campaigns that exploit existing social divisions.